Menopause is typically divided into three stages: perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Perimenopause is the transition phase when hormone levels begin to fluctuate, causing irregular periods and symptoms like hot flashes. Menopause is the point when menstrual periods stop completely. Postmenopause refers to the years following menopause, during which symptoms may ease but health risks related to low estrogen levels, like osteoporosis, may increase.

Symptoms vary widely among individuals, but the most common include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, vaginal dryness, reduced libido, sleep disturbances, and irregular periods. Other symptoms can include weight gain, thinning hair, and changes in skin texture. These symptoms are caused by hormonal changes and can range from mild to severe.

Menopause is typically diagnosed based on a woman’s symptoms and menstrual history. A blood test may be used to measure levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which tends to rise during menopause. However, FSH levels can fluctuate, so the test is not always definitive. For women under 45 experiencing symptoms, additional tests may rule out other conditions.

Treatment for menopause focuses on relieving symptoms and managing health risks. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often prescribed to alleviate severe symptoms by replacing estrogen and progesterone. Non-hormonal treatments, such as lifestyle changes, over-the-counter remedies, and certain medications, can also be effective. A healthcare provider can recommend the best approach based on individual symptoms and health history.

Hot flashes are sudden feelings of heat, often accompanied by sweating and a rapid heartbeat. They are one of the most common symptoms of menopause. Managing hot flashes may involve lifestyle adjustments such as dressing in layers, avoiding triggers like spicy foods and caffeine, practicing relaxation techniques, and using medications or HRT if needed.

Yes, menopause is associated with increased risks for certain health conditions due to declining estrogen levels. These include osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and urinary incontinence. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and regular health check-ups, can help mitigate these risks.

Yes, menopause can affect mental health. Hormonal changes during this time may contribute to mood swings, anxiety, and depression. Sleep disturbances and physical symptoms can further impact emotional well-being. Seeking support from healthcare providers, counselors, or support groups can help address these challenges.